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Aristolochia gigantea ‘Brasiliensis’ Pelican Flower aka Brazilian Dutchman’s Pipe is one of the worlds largest flowers.
CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
| Plant Division |
Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon) |
| Plant Growth Form |
Climber, Vine & Liana |
| Lifespan (in Singapore) |
Perennial |
| Mode of Nutrition |
Autotrophic |
| Maximum Height |
4.6 m to 6 m |
BIOGEOGRAPHY
| Native Distribution |
Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama |
| Native Habitat |
Terrestrial |
| Preferred Climate Zone |
Tropical |
| Local Conservation Status |
Non-native (Horticultural / Cultivated Only) |
DESCRIPTION AND ETHNOBOTANY
| Growth Form |
Herbaceous evergreen vine with a climbing or spreading growth habit. |
| Foliage |
Light green leaves are heart-shaped with entire leaf margin. Leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, measuring about 15 cm long and 11 cm wide, with whitish hair on the undersides. |
| Flowers |
Large flowers (15 cm wide, 30 cm tall) have an unusual, pouchlike shape. The flowers are reddish purple with white, net-like streaks and a yellow throat. Unlike A. grandiflora which also produces large flowers, it does not produce an unpleasant smell. |
| Fruits |
Fruits are oblong or cylindrical capsules, measuring to about 13 cm long and 3 cm wide. and will turn from green to brown when mature, splitting open at the top into 7 sections in a ‘Chinese Lantern’ pattern to release many seeds. The mature fruit capsule is papery. |
| Habitat |
Found in tropical forests and stream banks at an altitude of 700 – 1100 m, mostly cultivated. |
| Cultivation |
This fast-growing species should be planted in fertile soil that is mildly acidic to mildly alkaline (pH = 6 – 8). Allow 1.8 – 2.4 m of spacing between individuals. It grows well in a sunny spot that is protected from full sun. Propagate by seed. |
| Etymology |
The specific epithet “gigantea” refers to the large flowers. |
LANDSCAPING FEATURES
| Desirable Plant Features |
Ornamental Flowers |
| Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance |
Well-Drained Soils |
| Landscape Uses |
Parks & Gardens, Vertical Greenery / Green Wall, Trellis / Arbour / Pergola |
FAUNA, POLLINATION AND DISPERSAL
| Seed or Spore Dispersal |
Abiotic |
PLANT CARE AND PROPAGATION
| Light Preference |
Full Sun |
| Water Preference |
Moderate Water |
| Plant Growth Rate |
Fast |
| Potential Problems |
No serious pests or disease problems. |
| Propagation Method |
Seed |
FOLIAR
| Foliage Retention |
Evergreen |
| Mature Foliage Colour(s) |
Green |
| Mature Foliage Texture(s) |
Velvety / Furry / Tomentose |
| Prominent Young Flush Colour(s) |
Green |
| Young Flush Texture(s) |
Velvety / Furry / Tomentose |
| Foliar Type |
Simple / Unifoliate |
| Foliar Arrangement Along Stem |
Alternate |
| Foliar Attachment to Stem |
Petiolate |
| Foliar Shape(s) |
Non-Palm Foliage (Cordate) |
| Foliar Venation |
Palmate |
| Foliar Margin |
Entire |
| Foliar Apex – Tip |
Acute |
| Foliar Base |
Cordate |
FLORAL (ANGIOSPERM)
| Flower & Plant Sexuality 1 |
Bisexual Flowers |
| Flower Colour(s) |
Brown |
| Flower Location |
Axillary |
| Flower Symmetry |
Bilateral |
| Flowering Period |
Free-Flowering |
FRUIT, SEED AND SPORE
| Mature Fruit Colour(s) – Angiosperms and Gymnosperms |
Brown |
| Mature Fruit Texture(s) |
Papery |
| Fruit Classification |
Simple Fruit |
| Fruit Type 1 |
Dehiscent Dry Fruit |
| Fruit Type 2 |
Capsule |
| Mature Seed Colour(s) |
Brown |
| Seed Quantity Per Fruit |
Numerous (>20) |
OTHERS
| Master ID |
19 |
| Species ID |
1315 |
| Flora Disclaimer |
The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes. |
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